University of Rajshahi (RU)

University of Rajshahi (RU)

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Rajshahi University is a public university located in Rajshahi, a city in north-western Bangladesh. University of Rajshahi was established in 1953, the second university to be established in what was then East Pakistan.

The university's 58 departments are organized into nine faculties. Rajshahi University is located in a 753 acres (3 km2) campus inMotihar, 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the Rajshahi city center. With 25,000 students and close to 1000 academic staff, it is one of the largest universities in Bangladesh. In addition to hosting programs in the Engineering, arts, sciences, agriculture, social sciences,business studies and medical sciences, the university houses a number of institutes of higher studies. This is the premier university in Bangladesh to have online subscription of world-renowned journals.

History

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The first proposal to establish a university came in 1917, when Calcutta University created the Sadler Commission to assess the university system in Bengal. However, the recommendations of the report had no immediate consequences.

Following the Partition of India in 1947, what is now Bangladesh became East Pakistan. University of Dhaka, established in 1921, was the only university in East Pakistan at the time. Demand for a university in the northern part of East Pakistan gained momentum when two universities were established in West Pakistan without the establishment of any in the east. Students of Rajshahi College were at the forefront of the movement demanding a new university. Finally, Rajshahi was selected as the home for the second university in East Pakistan and the Rajshahi University Act of 1953 (East Bengal Act XV of 1953) was passed by the East Pakistan provincial Assembly on 31 March 1953. Itrat Hossain Zuberi, the Principal of Rajshahi College was appointed the first Vice-Chancellor of the university. Initially, the university was housed in temporary locations, such as the local Circuit House and Bara Kuthi, an 18th-century Dutch establishment. B B Hindu Academy, a local school, housed the library, teachers' lounge and the medical centre of the university. The university started out with 20 professors, 161 students (of which 5 were female) and six departments—Bengali, English, History, Law, Philosophy and Economics. In 1964, the offices moved to the permanent campus.

The 1960s was a turbulent period in the history of Bangladesh, when demands for East Pakistani autonomy became stronger. The students and staff of the university started playing an increasing role in politics during this period. On 18 February 1969, Shamsuzzoha, a professor of the university was killed by the police when he tried to prevent them from shooting student demonstrators. This date is now commemorated as Zoha Day. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, the university campus was used as a base by thePakistan Army. A number of professors, students and officers of the university were killed by the Pakistan army during this period.

After independence, a new act regarding the administration of the university came into being—the Rajshahi University Act of 1973. The post-independence years saw the university grow steadily in student enrollment and size of the academic staff. However, the 1980s were turbulent years for the university, as the students agitated with other institutions of the country against the military rule of Hossain Muhammad Ershad. Since early 1990s, the university have seen relative calm and lowering of session backlogs, though active student politics remains a contentious issue to date.


Emblem
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The current emblem of the university was also selected. The circle of the emblem represents the world. An open book is shown in red and gold, red representing one of the colors of the national flag, and gold the value of education. The body of the book is blue, the color of the sky, and at the centre is a shapla flower (Nymphaeaceae),the national Flower of Bangladesh.

Campus

                Main campus

The administrative buildin dominates the main entrance to the university

The Shaheed Minar is perhaps the most well known landmark in the University

The university's main campus is located in Motihar, on the eastern side of the city of Rajshahi and a mile from the river Padma. The campus area is nearly 753 acres (3.05 km²). Access to the walled-off university campus is controlled through three security gates. The campus houses eleven large academic buildings—five for the arts, business studies and social sciences, four for the sciences and two for agricultural studies.

The central part of the university, accessible by the main gate, is dominated by the administrative building, where the offices of the Vice-Chancellor and other officials are located. This is flanked by the senate building and the residence of the Vice-Chancellor on one side (also featuring the famous Shabash Bangladesh sculpture) and the university mosque and Shaheed Minar complex on the other. Behind the administrative building is the central library, around which the four science buildings and three main arts buildings are located. The science buildings are named numerically as the "First Science Building" and so on. The arts buildings are named respectively after Muhammad Shahidullah, Momtazuddin Ahmed and Rabindranath Tagore. More towards the east lie the stadium, the new teacher-student centre and the main auditorium.

The Kazla gate provides access to the south-western part of the campus. The Juberi international guest-house, Rajshahi University School and the main residential facilities for the academic staff and university officers are located here. Near the residential areas are all five dorms (known as residential halls) for female students. The eastern part of the campus houses the Institute of Bangladesh Studies, the medical and sports facilities and more residential facilities for the university staff—but is dominated by the eleven large dormitories for male students. From the Binodpur gate, the residential halls named after Nawab Abdul Latif, Shamsuzzoha and Madarbux are located to the north, while Sher-e-Bangla hall and the oldest dorm Motihar Hall lie to the west. The second largest mass graves in Bangladesh from the 1971 war era is located behind Shamsuzzoha Hall.

The campus contains a quite a few mango orchards. The Rajshahi area is regarded as one of the best mangoe producing areas in the country, and these orchards are leased out to professional farmers during the summer, when the fruits grow. The campus also reflects the region's silk industry, fields of mulberry trees are to be seen in the campus, both for agricultural and research needs. The northern part of the campus houses a botanical garden, which has a good collection of rare plants.

Other facilities

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A few miles from the main campus is the Varendra Research Museum,one of the richest repertory of Bengal sculptures in the world.Established in 1910 by Ramaprasad Chanda, the museum became a part of the university in 1960s when a financial crisis threatened its existence. Under the university, the museum has thrived, adding an folklore gallery to its impressive collection from ancient and medieval Bengal.The Bara Kuthi, where the university was established is also still under university control, and is located on the Padma not too far away from Varendra Museum. The university has an agricultural facility few miles from the main campus. Rajshahi University maintains other facilities across the country including a guesthouse in the capital city, Dhaka.

Architecture

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University of Rajshahi is home to many architectural and artistic landmarks, which area is about almost 304 hectors. The Shaheed Minar is an important example, complete with amural designed by Murtaza Bashir. The Senate House is a modern mini-parliament house, has 206 rooms and fully air-condHitioned, usually used for meetings of the senate of the university, but it also accommodates national and international conferences, seminars and symposiam. In front of the Senate House is Shabash Bangladesh, one of the largest war memorial sculptures in the nation; designed and constructed by Nitun Kundu.The name comes from a poem by Sukanta Bhattacharya of the same name, the last four lines of which is engraved under the structure. Golden Jubilee Tower, a 2003 addition to the university's array of sculptures, commemorates the university's 50th anniversary. It can easily found just right beside the main gate. It has also an open theater and two beautiful murals. Other well-known buildings include the library and the university mosque.The Department of Fine Arts hosts a sizable collection of contemporary art, while Varendra Museum has a large collection of ancient and medieval art.


Organization and administration
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The university is run according to the Rajshahi University Act of 1973. The act, passed in 1973, allows the university considerably more autonomy than most other peer institutions. The president of Bangladesh is the de facto Chancellor of the university, but his role is mainly ceremonial. The highest official after the Chancellor is the Vice-Chancellor, selected by the senate of the university every four years. The Vice-Chancellor, as of 2016, is Professor Muhammad Mizanuddin. Other important officers of the university include the Pro Vice Chancellor, the registrar, the controller of examinations and the proctor. The proctor is in direct charge of student activities and is the official with most direct contact with the students. The most important statutory bodies of the university are the senate, the academic council and the syndicate. As a public institution, most of Rajshahi University's funding comes from the government. The University Grants Commission (UGC) is the body responsible for allocating funds to all public universities.

Students are admitted after they pass the Higher Secondary Exam (HSC exam). In earlier days students partake in entrance examinations, a separate one for each department. But now students need to partake under unit of different faculty. This has been a contentious issue, as there used to be only one exam for each faculty, after which students would be allocated to departments according to their result and choice of program. As a public university, University of Rajshahi's tuition fees are relatively low; nevertheless, a hike in admission fees, during the 2006–07 session, have drawn criticism from student bodies. As of 2007, the university awards a total of 340 scholarships, whose annual value is around 1.1 million taka. In addition, there are merit awards given by residential halls, departments and the university itself. Students are also eligible for the Prime Minister's Gold Medal award. All colleges of the northern and southern regions of the country used to be affiliated with University of Rajshahi. However, the administration of colleges across the country was taken over by the National University when it was established in 1992. 

Faculties

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The university's 58 departments are organized into 9 faculties: Engineering, Arts, Law, Science, Medicine, Business Studies, Social Sciences, Life and Earth Sciences, and Agriculture.The Arts and the Law faculties are the oldest in the university, both established in 1953, closely followed by the Faculty of Science (1956) and newly the Faculty of Engineering (2009). The university's departments represent the traditional studies in arts, commerce, sciences and engineering through programs in History, Languages and Linguistics, Economics, Business Studies, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics (est.2002), Physics, Computer Science & Engineering, Chemistry, Statistics, Geology & Mining, Geography, Psychology, Zoology, Botany, etc. The university is increasingly emphasizing on more specialized programs such

as Pharmacy, Biochemistry, Information and Communication Engineering (ICE)(est. 2000) or Genetics and breeding (est. 1996).

The Faculty of Engineering includes departments in Information and Communication Engineering (ICE)(est. 2000), Computer Science & Engineering, Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, and Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering. In the late 1990 and 2000s, programs in computer engineering and communication engineering were introduced. The university used to have a separate engineering program through BIT (Bangladesh Institute of Technology) Rajshahi, which has become an independent university being renamed Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology in 2002.

The Faculty of Arts includes departments in languages and linguistics (Bengali, English, Arabic), historical studies (History, Islamic History and Culture), Philosophy and Fine Arts. In the late 1990s, programs in Theater, Music and Folklore were introduced.

The Faculty of Social Science has programs in Sociology, Social Work, Anthropology, Economics, Political Science and media-related studies.

The Faculty of Law consists only of the Department of Law.

The departments; Finance and Banking, Management Studies, Marketing and Accounting & Information Systems make up the Faculty of Business Studies. All facilities of these three faculties are located in the three arts buildings.

The four science buildings house the Faculty of Engineering, Science and the Faculty of Life and Earth Science. The former has programs in Physics, Applied Physics & Electronics, Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Chemistry, Psychology, Applied Chemistry, Material Science & Engineering, Biochemistry, and Information & Communication Engineering. 

Prominent departments in the faculty of Life and Earth Sciences include Zoology, Botany, Geography, Pharmacy, and Genetics & Breeding; these are all housed in the third science building. Department of Geology & Mining is situated in the second science building.

Founded in 2000, the Faculty of Agriculture is the newest addition to the university, and was formed when a local agricultural college was absorbed into the university. The Faculty has programs in Fisheries, Genetic Engineering, Agronomy, Crop Science and Veterinary sciences.

Faculty of Medicine is organized differently from other disciplines. Medical education is provided by seven medical colleges located around the Rajshahi and Khulna Division. Though these colleges are autonomous to a large extent, the degrees are conferred by Rajshahi University. Rajshahi Medical College is the oldest medical college under administration of the university and is located a few miles west of the university campus along with a highly equipped large hospital.

Student life

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Housing:

The university has sixteen residential halls for students, five for women and eleven for men. The residential halls are named after prominent Bangladeshi historical and cultural figures, some of them from Rajshahi. The largest men's hall is Shahid Habibur Rahman Hall, named after a mathematics professor killed on campus during the 1971 war by the Pakistani Army. The largest women's hall is Monnujan Hall, followed by Begum Rokeya Hall, named after Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain, a leading figure in women's rights activism in Bengal. The housing system can accommodate 8,000 students, which has created a deepening accommodation crisis as the student body has risen to 25,000. Apart from the seat limitations, the amenities of these halls do not always meet decent accommodation standards. This has led to the establishment of many privately owned off-campus "messes". The residential halls provide meals, which are subsidised by the university authorities.

Name of Halls of Rajshahi University

No	Name of Halls	Name of Provosts	PABX Telephone
01	Sher-e-Bangla Fazlul Haque		4191
02	Shah Makhdum	M.Zahangir Alam	4193
03	Nawab Abdul Latif		4195
04	Syed Amir Ali	Golam Mortuza	4194
05	Shahid Shamsuzzoha	M. Belal Hossain	4196
06	Shahid Habibur Rahman	M. Fazlul Haque	4200
07	Motihar	Afrouzzaman Khan Chowdhury	4192
08	Madar Baksh	M. Abdur Rahim Khan	4198
09	Shahid Sohrawardi	M. Abdul Latif	4197
10	Shahid Ziaur Rahman	A.N.M. Zahangir Kabir	4199
11	Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman	Mohd. Nurul Islam	4190
12	Monnujan	Irin Banu Luci	4204
13	Begum Rokeya	Nazma Afroz	4202
14	Tapashi Rabeya	Hosne Ara Jesmin	4201
15	Begum Khaleda Zia	Salma Banu	4203
16	Rahamatunnesa	Mele Jesmin	4205
17	Bongomata Sheikh Fazilatun-nesa

Activities

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The physical education department of the university has 27 instructors and is equipped with a 25,000-seat stadium, 2 gymnasiums, 1 swimming pool, 4 football grounds, 1 hockey ground, 4 tennis courts, 2 basketball courts and a squash court. The Teacher Students Center was designed to be the center of cultural activities of the university. Reception of fresh students, celebration of national holidays as well as the annual cultural competition are key cultural events at the university campus. The university is home to recitation groups like Shwanan, and drama groups like Anushilon and Rajshahi University Drama Association (RUDA). A vibrant fine arts scene thrives around the Department of Fine arts, and the campus hosts a number of exhibitions each year. The university has branches of all major national cultural groups, including Udichi and Gono Natto Shongstha. 

During the three major national days, Language Movement Day (February 21), Independence Day (March 26) and Victory Day (December 16), the university hosts public meetings, cultural programs and political activities. On these days, students and teachers, going barefoot, congregate around the Shaheed Minar and pay their respect. During the major Muslim religious occasions of Eid, the university is usually deserted as students go home to be with their families. Other religiously important days like Shabe-barat are observed through discussions and religious activities. The major Hindu festival celebrated in the university is Saraswati Puja—Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, is worshiped in a central location as well as individually in many residential halls. The Bengali new year, Pohela Baisakh is also observed with much pomp. 

Alumni and notable staff

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The alumni of the university work at all levels of public and private sectors of the country. The academic staff of the university include some of the eminent scholars of the country. The faculty of the university at one point or other included the following academics: linguist Muhammad Shahidullah, linguist Muhammad Enamul Haque, the renowned literary writer Hasan Azizul Huq, author and scholar Ghulam Murshid, English Professor Zillur Rahman Siddique, eminent Political Scientist Talukdar Muniruzzaman and notable Islamic scholar Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib. The alumni of the university include some national political figures, such as Habibur Rahman, who was also the former Chief Justice and head of the caretaker government in 1996 and Abul Hasanat Md. Kamruzzaman, one of the top leaders of Bangladesh's freedom struggle; Abdullah Al Kafi former Member of Parliament from Dinajpur-1, notable artists and journalists such as singer Andrew Kishore, writer Selina Hossain, journalist Abdul Matin, Hamiduzzzaman, Managing Editor of the National News Agency, BSS.

Rajshahi University Old Boys Association is the platform of former students of the university. Presently Mohini Mohan Chakravarti and Advocate Subrata Chowdhury are the Acting President and General Secretary of the organization.

Incidents and controversies

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During the 1980s, the four-year honors course took as long as eight years due to the session backlogs, resulting mainly from conflicts between factions of political groups. Since early 1990s, student politics has been comparatively calmer, with student body elections not being held for more than a decade. The student groups have been demanding elections whereas others feel student politics should be banned.

In late 2004 and early 2005, two professors of Rajshahi University got assassinated within three months: Professor Yunus from the Economics department in December 2004and Professor Taher from the Geology and Mining department in February 2005. Both murders were suspected to be driven by political motivations. In 2006, the commander of Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) admitted to the RAB interrogators that his operatives carried out the attack on Professor Yunus, as well as the 2004 attack on writerHumayun Azad, the murder of another writer, bomb blasts, and attacks on cinemas. A controversy over the hiring of over 500 new employees broke around the same time; detractors suggested that they were hired illegally, either in return for money or for political reasons. Since the new millennium, much attention has been focused on politics among university teaching staff. Observers have claimed that the teaching staff have been thoroughly polarized according to party lines in national politics. In 2005, Professor Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib of the university was arrested for links with the Ahle Hadith Andolon Bangladesh, but was acquitted in 2008.

In August 2007, six detained professors of the university were temporarily suspended for their involvement in organizing protests for restoring that violated Emergency Power Rules, though they were discharged later from allegations and returned to the university with proper honour.

References

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·         University of Rajshahi (2006). "University of Rajshahi: A Profile". University of Rajshahi.

·         University Grant Commission (2004). "University of Rajshahi"..

·         University of Rajshahi (2004). "University of Rajsh: Glorious ahi52 years"..

External links

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·         Official website

Public universities in Bangladesh

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Barisal division	Patuakhali Science and Technology University                                    University of Barisal
Chittagong division	Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology                                    Chittagong University                                   Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University                                    Comilla University                                    Noakhali Science and Technology University                                    Rangamati Science and Technology University
Dhaka division	Bangladesh University of Professionals                                    Bangladesh National University                                    Bangladesh Open University                                    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University                                    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University                                    Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology                                    Bangladesh University of Textiles                                    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University                                   Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology                                   Dhaka University                                    Islamic Arabic University                                    Jagannath University                                    Jahangirnagar University                                    Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University                                    Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University
Khulna division	Islamic University                                  Jessore University of Science & Technology                                  Khulna University                                  Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Mymensingh division	Bangladesh Agricultural University                                 Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Rajshahi division	Pabna University of Science & Technology                                 University of Rajshahi                                 Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology
Rangpur division	Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University                                              Begum Rokeya University
Sylhet division	Shahjalal University of Science and Technology \                                     Sylhet Agricultural University